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- COMAL corner-Part 3 by Jimmy Weiler
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- THE COMAL 0.14 OPERATING SYSTEM
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- PART THE FIRST: JUST ENOUGH TO GET BY
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- Command: 'PASS'
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- Since you're going to want to save
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- everything you write, you're going to
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- need to know how COMAL handles disk
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- commands.
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- First, you need to format a disk.
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- We all remember the DOS NEW command:
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- OPEN15,8,15,"N0:MY DISK NAME,ID". In
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- COMAL when we pass a command to the
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- disk we don't need to open a channel.
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- We just use the "PASS" command:
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- PASS "N0:MY DISK NAME,ID"
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- There is NO difference between disks
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- formatted with the BASIC command or
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- the COMAL command. You can store both
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- COMAL and BASIC programs on the same
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- disk. Both types will appear as PRG
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- files, so be consistent with naming
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- conventions if you are going to mix
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- languages on one disk. Tacking ".C"
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- to the end of every COMAL 0.14 program
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- name is sufficient.
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- Any DOS command that you could use
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- in an OPEN statement in BASIC can be
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- PASSed by COMAL. The commands include
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- NEW "N0:NAME,ID"
- RENAME "R0:NEWNAME=OLDNAME"
- SCRATCH "S0:FILENAME"
- COPY "C0:NEWFILE=0:OLDFILE"
- VALIDATE "V0"
- INITIALIZE "I0"
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- Command: 'CAT'
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- You want to be able to see what
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- programs are on your COMAL disk. In
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- BASIC, you LOAD"$",8 and LIST it. In
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- COMAL, you look at the catalog (or
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- directory) with the CAT command. It
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- works much like the @$ command that
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- comes with the DOS wedge. (If you
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- don't know about the wedge, I suggest
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- you check out DOS & DON'TS -- we
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- covered the wedge in the first
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- installments of that series.)
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- Example:
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- CAT
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- 0"MY DISK NAME" C1 2A
- 660 BLOCKS FREE
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- Command: 'STATUS$'
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- When the red light is flashing on
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- your 1541 disk drive, that means you
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- had a disk error. BASIC provides no
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- easy way to find out what the error
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- was. COMAL, on the other hand, has
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- the STATUS$ command. At any time, you
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- can type STATUS$ and the disk error
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- status will be revealed. If the red
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- light was not flashing, the status
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- will usually be OK. STATUS$ is
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- equivalent to the DOS wedge @ command.
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- 'PROGRAM ENTRY'
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- Writing a program in COMAL is much
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- like writing one in BASIC. Enter the
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- line number followed by the
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- instruction. Then press RETURN. Line
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- numbers cannot exceed 9999.
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- 100 PRINT "HELLO"
- 200 PRINT "I AM COMAL"
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- If you enter something wrong, COMAL
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- will reject your line and place the
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- cursor at the first error in the line.
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- Command: 'LIST'
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- To view a COMAL program, you type
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- LIST. You can view any line or group
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- of lines.
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- LIST -- prints the whole program.
- LIST 100 -- prints just line 100.
- LIST 5,80 -- prints all lines from 5
- through line 80.
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- 'PROGRAM EDITING'
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- Editing in COMAL works almost like
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- it does in BASIC. You can either
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- re-type the entire program line, or
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- you can list it and use the CRSR keys
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- and INST/DEL to edit the line on the
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- screen. You enter a line by pressing
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- RETURN. As usual for the Commodore
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- 64, if the cursor is ANYWHERE on the
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- line, the whole line will be accepted.
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- Command: 'RUN'
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- You can run your program in memory
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- at any time by entering RUN.
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- Command: 'SAVE'
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- Save the program to disk with the
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- SAVE command. Unlike BASIC, COMAL
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- does not use a unit number, so
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- SAVE "MY PROGRAM",8 (BASIC syntax)
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- becomes
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- SAVE "MY PROGRAM" (COMAL syntax).
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- Command: 'NEW'
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- NEW erases your program from memory,
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- just like in BASIC.
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- Command: 'LOAD'
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- You reload your program from the
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- disk with the LOAD command.
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- Like SAVE, LOAD does not use a unit
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- number.
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- LOAD "MY PROGRAM" will load the
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- program we just told you how to SAVE.
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- After you load a program, you get it
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- started by typing RUN.
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